
Abbreviations
General
- ABG: arterial blood gases
- alb: albumin
- ALP: alkaline phosphatase
- ALT: alanine aminotransferase
- AST: aspartate aminotransferase
- bili: bilirubin
- BiPAP: bilevel positive airway pressure
- Ca: calcium (1)
- CBC + diff: Hb, PCV, MCV, WBC/differential, and platelets
- CK: creatine kinase
- Cl: chloride (1)
- CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure
- CPR: cardiopulmonary resuscitation
- CRP: C-reactive protein
- CTPA: CT pulmonary angiogram
- CrCl: creatinine clearance
- CSF: cerebrospinal fluid
- CXR: chest X-ray
- DIC: disseminated intravascular coagulation
- DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis
- ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- FEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second
- FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen
- fu: fraction excreted unchanged in urine
- FVC: forced vital capacity
- GGT: gamma glutamyltransferase
- INR: international normalized ratio
- K: potassium (1)
- LDH: lactate dehydrogenase
- LMWH: low molecular weight heparin
- LP: lumbar puncture
- Mg: magnesium (1)
- MJ: megajoule, a million joules
- MSU: mid-stream urine
- Na: sodium (1)
- NIV: non-invasive ventilation
- NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
- PCA: patient-controlled analgesia
- PCR: polymerase chain reaction
- PML: Preferred Medicines List
- PO4: phosphate (1)
- PTH: parathyroid hormone
- r-tPA: recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
- sat.O2: haemoglobin oxygen saturation (pulse oximetry)
- SPE: serum protein electrophoresis
- STI: sexually transmitted infection
- TFT: thyroid function tests
- USS: ultra-sound scan
- VQ: ventilation/perfusion scan
- These items should be written in full in prescriptions and patient notes. They may be abbreviated only when requesting laboratory tests.
Drug Administration and Dosage
- IV: intravenous
- IM: intramuscular
- subcut: sub-cutaneous
- PO: oral
- PR: rectal
- BD/TDS/QID: twice, three times or four times during the normal day, i.e. implies not during the night.
- q24h or q6h: every 24 hours or every 6 hours respectively. This means that the drug is given exactly at those times.
Note: Do not use the abbreviation "OD"; write "once daily".
Symbols and Units
- mL: millilitre
- L: litre
- mg: milligram
- g: gram
- kg: kilogram
- mmol: millimole
- mcmol: micromole
- pmol: picomole
- nmol: nanomole
"International unit", "unit", and "milliunit" should not be abbreviated.
The "correct" symbol for micro (grams, moles, etc.) is the Greek letter μ. However when prescribing, this is often written poorly and this can be dangerous. In Canterbury DHB when prescribing in micrograms, the full word microgram must be used. Do not use μ or mcg.
The units used to express normal ranges for white cells in CSF, pleural, peritoneal and joint fluids and urine are confusing.
The following are the approximate upper normal values for white cells in:
- CSF: <5
- Pleural: <2000
- Peritoneal: <250
- Synovial: <3000
- Urine: <10
These are all expressed as 106/L or per mL or per mm3. All these are the same! Check which units your laboratory is using and always obtain that laboratory's normal range.
Topic Code: 1255